{"id":9764,"date":"2024-02-22T10:57:32","date_gmt":"2024-02-22T03:27:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=9764"},"modified":"2025-10-22T17:31:27","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T10:01:27","slug":"tach-chiet-tu-va-quy-trinh-tach-chiet-tu-tu-dong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/tach-chiet-tu-va-quy-trinh-tach-chiet-tu-tu-dong\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft DNA, RNA b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong> \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu l\u1edbn v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. B\u1ed9 kit t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb (\u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi DNA\/RNA) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a gi\u00fap qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy chu\u1ea9n theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 kit t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb <\/strong>d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp silica c\u00f3 \u00e1i l\u1ef1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc v\u1edbi axit nucleic. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda, t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong dung d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 sau ba l\u1ea7n r\u1eeda qua dung d\u1ecbch r\u1eeda, c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, axit nucleic tinh s\u1ea1ch thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 theo quy chu\u1ea9n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu l\u1edbn, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c. B\u1ed9 kit t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thao t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh cho ph\u00e9p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y ly t\u00e2m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y \u1ee7 nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft DNA\/RNA t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft axit nucleic t\u1eeb m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft DNA\/RNA t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u00ecnh
Figure 1. <\/em><\/strong>Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.1. Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1eabu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1eabu sinh h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a DNA\/RNA v\u00e0o m\u00e1y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.
– M\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2. Ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (Lysis)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– M\u1eabu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch lysis ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 proteinase K ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.
– Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng DNA\/RNA v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch. \u1ede b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ebfng ly gi\u1ea3i m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 (Absorption)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– Dung d\u1ecbch sau khi lysis chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o.
– C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi DNA\/RNA, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sillica.
– DNA\/RNA trong m\u1eabu s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4. R\u1eeda (Washing)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i, protein, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.
– Vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda gi\u00fap l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch DNA\/RNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn tr\u00ean h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.5. Elution (Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– Dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a DNA\/RNA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.
– DNA\/RNA gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m sau n\u00e0y nh\u01b0: ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng PCR, gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1,…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.6. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– M\u00e1y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft.
– C\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.7. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– Nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft DNA\/RNA t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, gi\u00fap l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.
– M\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft DNA\/RNA t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. M\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb ABT EZ32<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft acid nucleic ABT (EZ32) <\/a><\/strong>v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1eeb t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nucleic acid \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft DNA\/RNA nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf thanh t\u1eeb d\u1eadp m\u1eabu gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc ly tr\u00edch v\u00e0 tinh s\u1ea1ch DNA\/RNA \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu l\u1edbn. C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft ABT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 32 m\u1eabu m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y trong 30 ph\u00fat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i v\u1eadt t\u01b0 ti\u00eau hao ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u00f9ng cho t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu t\u1ed1i \u0111a, ABT c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u01b0 ti\u00eau hao trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu \u00edt, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u 1 m\u1eabu\/ l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed cho h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt t\u01b0 k\u00e8m theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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