{"id":6969,"date":"2022-08-07T06:00:51","date_gmt":"2022-08-06T22:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=6969"},"modified":"2023-04-06T14:42:31","modified_gmt":"2023-04-06T07:12:31","slug":"tong-hop-5-phuong-phap-xet-nghiem-asfv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/tong-hop-5-phuong-phap-xet-nghiem-asfv\/","title":{"rendered":"ASFV v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p 5 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 l\u1ee3n ch\u00e2u Phi d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, ASFV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 SAR-CoV-2 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t.<\/strong> Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 vaccine \u0111\u0103ch h\u1eefu \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ASFV. V\u1eady n\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p 5 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV \u0111uc\u1ee3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm virus g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 heo ch\u00e2u Phi, m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 ASFV <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 heo ch\u00e2u Phi (ASF<\/strong> \u2013 African Swine Fever) l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh d\u1ec5 truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00ean heo v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 100%, g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus DNA m\u1ea1ch k\u00e9p duy nh\u1ea5t g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean heo c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng t\u00ean (ASFV<\/strong>). T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2022, ASFV<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 50 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n 75% ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 l\u1ee3n Ch\u00e2u Phi<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y lan th\u00f4ng qua vector truy\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecd ve m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a. L\u1ee3n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft c\u1eafn. \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh sau khi nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt mang virus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi gian \u1ee7 b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a virus d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 l\u1ee3n ch\u00e2u Phi<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 4-19 ng\u00e0y. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng virus \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c cao g\u00e2y xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft b\u00e1n c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1t cao 40-41\u00b0 C, b\u1ecf \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft \u1edf da v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng, ch\u1ebft trong v\u00f2ng 4-10 ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u1ebft ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 100%. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng virus \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1t nh\u1eb9, gi\u1ea3m \u0103n v\u00e0 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi \u2013 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd kh\u00e1c \u1edf l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn ASFV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 l\u1ee3n ch\u00e2u Phi<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2y lan sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, vaccine ASFV<\/strong> \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 vaccine n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. V\u1eady n\u00ean, d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 heo ch\u00e2u phi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Virus d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 heo ch\u00e2u Phi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o leukocytes (monocyte, macrophage) c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. ASFV theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u di chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1eabu x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV<\/strong> ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng virus v\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n\u201d nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u00e1u, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Realtime PCR c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu d\u1ecbch ph\u1ebft b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ecbch ph\u1ebft m\u0169i h\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1eabu ph\u00e2n (v\u00ec virus c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong ph\u00e2n 11 ng\u00e0y \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"L\u1ea5y
H\u00ecnh 1: L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu m\u00e1u l\u1ee3n (ngu\u1ed3n: UNTV news<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eabu m\u00e1u ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim ti\u00eam v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng 18G thu m\u1eabu v\u00e0 cho v\u00e0o \u1ed1ng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng EDTA v\u00e0 l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng t\u00fai nilon v\u00f4 tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh (2 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 8 \u00b0C). M\u1eabu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nhanh nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3. M\u1eabu m\u00e1u, huy\u1ebft thanh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh (2 \u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 8 \u00b0C) t\u1ed1i \u0111a 7 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. X\u00e9t nhi\u1ec7m ASFV ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

  i. PCR v\u00e0 Real-time PCR<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Intended uses:<\/strong> PCR v\u00e0 Real-time PCR<\/strong><\/a> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a virus trong \u0111a d\u1ea1ng lo\u1ea1i m\u1eabu. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ASFV tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi virus g\u00e2y ra tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eabu:<\/strong> m\u1eabu t\u1eeb l\u00e1ch, h\u1ea1ch amidan, h\u1ea1ch b\u1ea1ch huy\u1ebft, huy\u1ebft thanh v\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u00e1u to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n th\u1eadn t\u1eeb l\u1ee3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd<\/strong>: x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV<\/strong> s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng primer v\u00e0 probe \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 DNA m\u00e3 h\u00f3a cho protein nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ASFV. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c kit ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf primers v\u00e0 probes d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a protein p72 c\u1ee7a ASFV. P72 l\u00e0 protein \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ASFV, c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 khi m\u1eabu ch\u1ee9a virus b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t hay ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y. B\u1ed9 kit x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV c\u1ee7a ABT c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft vp72 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Advantage:<\/strong> c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c virus t\u1eeb s\u1edbm. PCR v\u00e0 Real-time PCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (OIE) khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ASFV (https:\/\/www.woah.org\/en\/what-we-do\/standards\/codes-and-manuals\/terrestrial-manual-online-access\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disadvantage:<\/strong> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng PCR ho\u1eb7c Realtime PCR c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m PCR, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1eaft ch\u00e9o (cross-detection).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"X\u00e9t
H\u00ecnh 2: k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh (Ct20) c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV b\u1eb1ng Realtime PCR. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ASFV (xanh), ch\u1ee9ng n\u1ed9i (\u0111\u1ecf)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ii. Ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp virus<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Intended uses:<\/strong> ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp virus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a virus \u1edf l\u1ee3n. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hemadsorption (s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a virus v\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u) \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t CPE (ly gi\u1ea3i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o) c\u1ee7a macrophage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eabu:<\/strong> t\u1ebf b\u00e0o leukocytes nghi nhi\u1ec5m ASFV (macrophage ho\u1eb7c monocyte)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd:<\/strong> t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u1ec5m ASFV s\u1ebd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh gai glycoprotein hemagglutinin \u1edf b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u00e1c gai glycoprotein n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea1ng hoa th\u1ecb. Sau \u0111\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t CPE c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o macrophage (sau khi Hemadsorption 72 gi\u1edd). V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ASFV m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 di\u1ec5n ra qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh hemadsorption tr\u00ean l\u1ee3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Advantage:<\/strong> l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV<\/strong> v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp virus c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eam vaccine v\u00e0 l\u1ee3n nhi\u1ec5m ASFV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disadvantage:<\/strong> CPE x\u1ea3y ra sau 72 gi\u1edd hemadsorption ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi ASFV, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eabn CPE x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea1ng hoa th\u1ecb n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi g\u00e2y n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: ASFV kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y hemadsorption, \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh qu\u00e1 cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c retest b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chu\u1ea9n x\u00e1c h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 PCR v\u00e0 FAT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"X\u00e9t
H\u00ecnh 3: ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp virus k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p HAD test, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac hoa th\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ASFV (ngu\u1ed3n: bit.ly\/3PDEaQs<\/em>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

iii. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hu\u1ef3nh quang (FAT)<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Intended uses:<\/strong> ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus ASF trong m\u1eabu m\u00f4 l\u1ee3n b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eabu:<\/strong> sinh thi\u1ebft m\u1ecfng c\u1eaft l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb m\u1eabu n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c v\u1ebft d\u1ecbch ph\u1ebft m\u1ecfng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed:<\/strong> kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ASFV s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ecf l\u00ean m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n tr\u00ean lam k\u00ednh. Ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft c\u1eb7p gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean b\u00ean trong m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Advantage:<\/strong> ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV<\/strong> b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao. Ngo\u00e0i ra, FAT \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n m\u1eabu d\u1ecbch ph\u1ebft nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y leukocytes \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng ASFV kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y hemadsorption. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, FAT c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c CPE \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e2y ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y hay s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i virus kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disadvantage:<\/strong> \u1edf th\u1ec3 b\u00e1n c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a FAT gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng ~40%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"x\u00e9t
H\u00ecnh 4: M\u1eabu d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi ASFV sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c test v\u1edbi FAT (FAO, 2017)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. <\/strong>X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ASFV<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV<\/strong> kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3n nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh \u1edf th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh l\u1ee3n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean s\u1ea3n sinh \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh ASFV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ELISA x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Intended uses:<\/strong> ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a virus th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ASFV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed:<\/strong> ELISA kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng enzyme ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0u g\u1eafn v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ASFV. Khi kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean, enzym ph\u00e1t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u fluorescent. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ASFV trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. ELISA c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ELISA tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 Sandwich<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Advantage:<\/strong> ELISA \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf d\u1ea1ng test nhanh, gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi PCR v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao ho\u1eb7c trang b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. ELISA cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disadvantage:<\/strong> k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c sau khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb 7-9 ng\u00e0y. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ELISA kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eabu b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb l\u1ee3n nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh hay l\u1ee3n ti\u00eam vaccine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"x\u00e9t
H\u00ecnh 5: Test nhanh kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00ec t\u00ednh ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh 9FAO, 2017)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

ii. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hu\u1ef3nh quang gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp (IFA)<\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Intended uses: <\/strong>x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ASFV b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hu\u1ef3nh quang gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean l\u00ed:<\/strong> c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1eadn kh\u1ec9 xanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nhi\u1ec5m ASFV v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01a1n l\u1edbp. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u1ee7 l\u1edbp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u1ec5m virus v\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn ch\u1ea5t hu\u1ef3nh quang. Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 g\u1eafn hu\u1ef3nh quang ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng khi b\u00e1m v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 (trong m\u1eabu)-kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean (trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nhi\u1ec5m ASFV). K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u hu\u1ef3nh quang trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1eadn kh\u1ec9 xanh nhi\u1ec5m ASFV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Advantage:<\/strong> Cho \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n PCR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disadvantage:<\/strong> X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch hu\u1ef3nh quang gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eaft ch\u00e9o c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3. Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 hu\u1ef3nh quang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi globulin mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch n\u1ed9i sinh <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"x\u00e9t
H\u00ecnh 6: M\u1eabu d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0u trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t (FAO,2017)<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 l\u1ee3n ch\u00e2u Phi d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, ASFV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 SAR-CoV-2 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 vaccine \u0111\u0103ch h\u1eefu \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ASFV. V\u1eady n\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00e2y cung c\u1ea5p 5 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ASFV \u0111uc\u1ee3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm virus g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 heo ch\u00e2u Phi, m\u1eddi b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o. <\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6970,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[270,228],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-thuc","category-bai-viet"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image.png",1200,675,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-300x169.png",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-768x432.png",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-1024x576.png",1024,576,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image.png",1200,675,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image.png",1200,675,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-18x10.png",18,10,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image.png",1200,675,false],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image.png",1200,675,false],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/image-100x100.png",100,100,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"ABT Team","author_link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"D\u1ecbch t\u1ea3 l\u1ee3n ch\u00e2u Phi d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, ASFV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 SAR-CoV-2 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t. Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 vaccine \u0111\u0103ch h\u1eefu \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ASFV. V\u1eady n\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. 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