{"id":14340,"date":"2026-01-28T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-28T01:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=14340"},"modified":"2026-02-02T01:40:22","modified_gmt":"2026-02-01T18:10:22","slug":"tong-quan-virus-nipah-nguon-goc-co-che-gay-benh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/tong-quan-virus-nipah-nguon-goc-co-che-gay-benh\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 virus Nipah: Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Virus Nipah l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh truy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5m nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong cao v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u1eafc xin hay thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u. D\u00f9 ch\u01b0a b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, virus n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u1ed9 Y t\u1ebf \u01b0u ti\u00ean gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n ph\u00f2ng d\u1ecbch ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd b\u1edfi nguy c\u01a1 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c virus Nipah, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.<\/strong> Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a virus Nipah<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Virus Nipah (NiV) l\u00e0 virus RNA s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01a1n, c\u00f3 v\u1ecf b\u1ecdc, thu\u1ed9c chi Henipavirus, h\u1ecd Paramyxoviridae. Virus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999 t\u1ea1i Malaysia trong m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 d\u1ecbch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo l\u00e0ng Sungai Nipah – n\u01a1i ghi nh\u1eadn ca b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2001, virus Nipah ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Bangladesh v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong cao. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee3t d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i Malaysia v\u1ed1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 trung gian l\u00e0 l\u1ee3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t d\u1ecbch sau n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb d\u01a1i sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Virus n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 40%-75%, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong ch\u1ec9 trong 24-48 gi\u1edd. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec5m virus Nipah th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, ban \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m c\u00fam<\/a> th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 ho, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf, vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i, vi\u00eam m\u00e0ng n\u00e3o. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo di ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n kinh ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n do virus t\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt ch\u1ee7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a virus Nipah l\u00e0 d\u01a1i \u0103n qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng Pteropus. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u huy\u1ebft thanh h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng virus Nipah \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf d\u01a1i t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c1 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi, cho th\u1ea5y virus c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a virus Nipah<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Virus Nipah l\u00e0 virus RNA kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n, mang c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng xo\u1eafn \u1ed1c, b\u1ed9 gen m\u00e3 h\u00f3a s\u00e1u protein ch\u00ednh g\u1ed3m: nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M), glycoprotein dung h\u1ee3p (F), glycoprotein g\u1eafn k\u1ebft (G) v\u00e0 polymerase d\u00e0i (L).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, protein G c\u1ee7a virus \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ephrin B2\/B3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7, trong khi protein F trung gian cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh dung h\u1ee3p m\u00e0ng, cho ph\u00e9p virus \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Sau khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, virus nh\u00e2n l\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 lan sang c\u00e1c m\u00f4 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh trung \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"C\u1ea5u
H\u00ecnh 1: C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac virus Nipah<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Virus Nipah c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c protein ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 (P, V, W, C), l\u00e0m \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u interferon. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n cho di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nhanh, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, virus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam n\u00e3o c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n \u00fd th\u1ee9c, co gi\u1eadt, h\u00f4n m\u00ea trong v\u00f2ng 24\u201348 gi\u1edd k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n kinh. \u1ede nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t, b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ea7n kinh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

3.1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a virus Nipah\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Virus Nipah c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qua nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
H\u00ecnh 2: C\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m virus Nipah<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/strong> D\u01a1i \u0103n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u1ed5 ch\u1ee9a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a virus. Virus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y sang c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3n, d\u00ea, b\u00f2, ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecdt c\u1ee7a d\u01a1i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt nhi\u1ec5m virus ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Qua th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m: <\/strong>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5m virus Nipah khi \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y ch\u01b0a r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1ng nh\u1ef1a c\u00e2y ch\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Bangladesh v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. L\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi: <\/strong>Virus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y qua ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebft h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, m\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0\u00a0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean y t\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, virus Nipah kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2y lan nhanh qua kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 SARS-CoV-2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.2. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n virus Nipah<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n virus Nipah d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khai th\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ecbch t\u1ec5 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1eadn l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Realtime RT-PCR: <\/strong>L\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n RNA virus trong m\u00e1u, d\u1ecbch h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch n\u00e3o t\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ELISA:<\/strong> Gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a virus trong huy\u1ebft thanh ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y virus:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m an to\u00e0n sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a virus s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.<\/strong> C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u1eafc xin v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi virus Nipah, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nguy c\u01a1 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n