{"id":14014,"date":"2025-11-17T12:13:57","date_gmt":"2025-11-17T04:43:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=14014"},"modified":"2025-12-29T12:12:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T04:42:57","slug":"oligo-giai-phap-nham-trung-dich-trong-dieu-tri-ung-thu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/oligo-giai-phap-nham-trung-dich-trong-dieu-tri-ung-thu\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p Oligonucleotide: Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong>1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ung th\u01b0 <\/strong>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u0103ng sinh kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c di c\u0103n sang c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u0103ng sinh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. Ung th\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd b\u1edfi chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c protein c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c Cyclin v\u00e0 Kinase ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c Cyclin (CDKs). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a chu k\u1ef3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u00e0y, hai nh\u00f3m gene \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 gene ti\u1ec1n sinh ung th\u01b0 (proto-oncogenes) v\u00e0 gene \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u (tumor suppressor genes).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gene ti\u1ec1n sinh ung th\u01b0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, gi\u00fap t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Khi c\u00e1c gene ti\u1ec1n sinh ung th\u01b0&nbsp;n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c (do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u0103ng sinh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gene \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng DNA, ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Khi c\u00e1c gene \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t, m\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (do \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, v\u00e0 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng sinh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean ung th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"551\" height=\"383\" src=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image.png\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh 1. M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a gene ti\u1ec1n sinh ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gene \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0\" class=\"wp-image-14015\" srcset=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image.png 551w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 551px) 100vw, 551px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>H\u00ecnh 1. M\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u1ee7a gene ti\u1ec1n sinh ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 gene \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong>2. <strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 protein ho\u1eb7c gene). C\u00e1c protein ho\u1eb7c gene n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ph\u00e2n chia v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>2.1. <strong>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, x\u1ea1 tr\u1ecb s\u1ebd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ecdi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111ang ph\u00e2n chia nhanh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o l\u00e0nh (t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nang t\u00f3c). Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p nh\u1eafm tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ung th\u01b0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng &#8220;\u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu&#8221; ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e1c gene ho\u1eb7c protein \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn: Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 ph\u00e1t sinh do \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gene c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 protein nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng sinh kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Thu\u1ed1c tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c gene ho\u1eb7c protein n\u00e0y (c\u00e1c gene ti\u1ec1n sinh ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gene \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng: T\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y (C\u00e1c gene li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c gene ti\u1ec1n sinh ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gene \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf kh\u1ed1i u).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch (\u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>2.2. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p Oligonucleotide<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cao:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0, thu\u1ed1c \u00edt g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 so v\u1edbi h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb: <\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m di truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u00e1c s\u0129 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 mang &#8220;\u0111\u00edch&#8221; ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 hay kh\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf: Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0o ch\u1ebf d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean u\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01a1n d\u00f2ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i u. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eam truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean acid (Nucleic acid-based therapies): Oligonucleotide tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: antisense oligonucleotides &#8211; ASOs, small interfering RNAs &#8211; siRNAs, aptamers) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh trong nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o mRNA ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c RNA kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t protein g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch (Targeted cell-based therapies): \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch (ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o CAR-T (Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy), trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o T c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gene \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong><strong>3. <strong>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p Oligonucleotide<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>3.1. Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASOs)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> ASOs l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA ho\u1eb7c RNA \u0111\u01a1n s\u1ee3i ng\u1eafn (th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 13-25 nucleotide) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n mRNA (RNA th\u00f4ng tin) m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khi ASO li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi mRNA m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t enzyme RNase H \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n c\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y mRNA m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng protein \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh d\u1ecbch m\u00e3 mRNA th\u00e0nh protein (steric hindrance).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft n\u1ed1i (splicing) c\u1ee7a pre-mRNA, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng protein kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh protein g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"975\" height=\"476\" data-src=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1.png\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh 2. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ASO \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi mRNA m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\" class=\"wp-image-14016 lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 975px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 975\/476;width:635px;height:auto\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1.png 975w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-768x375.png 768w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-1-18x9.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 2. <\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ASO \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi mRNA m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh do s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gene c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c do \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gene g\u00e2y ra protein l\u1ed7i. Nhi\u1ec1u ASOs \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 teo c\u01a1 t\u1ee7y s\u1ed1ng (SMA), r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a lipid, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> Nusinersen (Spinraza) \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb SMA, Inotersen (Tegsedi) \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh amyloidosis do transthyretin di truy\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>3.2. <strong>Small Interfering RNAs (siRNAs) &#8211; RNA can thi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf:<\/strong> siRNAs l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n RNA s\u1ee3i k\u00e9p ng\u1eafn (th\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 20-25 c\u1eb7p base). Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p protein g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex). RISC sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a siRNA \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm v\u00e0 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o mRNA m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung. Khi g\u1eafn v\u00e0o, RISC s\u1ebd c\u1eaft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y mRNA \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c &#8220;t\u1eaft\u201d gene m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (gene silencing) v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t protein t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"636\" height=\"310\" data-src=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2.png\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh 3. C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a siRNA\" class=\"wp-image-14017 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2.png 636w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-2-18x9.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 636px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 636\/310;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 3. <\/strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a siRNA<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: <\/strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ASOs, siRNAs nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gene g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c gene li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0, b\u1ec7nh virus, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/strong>Patisiran (Onpattro) \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh amyloidosis do transthyretin di truy\u1ec1n, Givosiran (Givlaari) \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n porphyrin c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh \u1edf gan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>3.3. <strong>MicroRNA (miRNA) Therapeutics &#8211; Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean microRNA<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: <\/strong>miRNAs l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng RNA kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i sinh ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n gene sau phi\u00ean m\u00e3. Trong b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c miRNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p miRNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"588\" height=\"390\" data-src=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3.png\" alt=\"H\u00ecnh 4. C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a miRNA\" class=\"wp-image-14020 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3.png 588w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/image-3-18x12.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 588px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 588\/390;\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Figure 4. <\/strong>C\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a miRNA<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>miRNA mimics (ch\u1ea5t b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc miRNA): L\u00e0 c\u00e1c oligonucleotide s\u1ee3i k\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 miRNA t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t miRNA b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anti-miRs ho\u1eb7c Antagomirs (ch\u1ea5t \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf miRNA): L\u00e0 c\u00e1c oligonucleotide \u0111\u01a1n s\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0 v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c miRNA bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ung th\u01b0, b\u1ec7nh tim m\u1ea1ch, b\u1ec7nh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. L\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong><strong>4. <strong>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p oligonucleotide<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>4.1. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p Oligonucleotide<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao:<\/strong> C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafm ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gene ho\u1eb7c mRNA c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00ean c\u00e1c gene kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau &#8220;kh\u00f3 tr\u1ecb&#8221;:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1ng th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi b\u1edfi oligonucleotide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhanh:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t khi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gene \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p oligonucleotide t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhanh h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\"><strong>4.2. <strong>Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p Oligonucleotide<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00edch: <\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed oligonucleotide l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e2m qua m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang m\u00f4 \u0111\u00edch v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn. C\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ea1t nano lipid, li\u00ean h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh: <\/strong>Oligonucleotide c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c enzyme nuclease trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac oligo (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, thay th\u1ebf nh\u00f3m phosphate, thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n:<\/strong> C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n oligonucleotide l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau (off-target effects): <\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng oligonucleotide g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p oligonucleotide nh\u1eafm tr\u00fang \u0111\u00edch \u0111ang cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng trong y h\u1ecdc c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\"><strong><strong>5. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Collotta, D., Bertocchi, I., Chiapello, E., &amp; Collino, M. (2023). <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10690781\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10690781\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antisense oligonucleotides: a novel Frontier in pharmacological strategy.<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Frontiers in Pharmacology<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>14<\/em>, 1304342.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Domsicova, M., Korcekova, J., Poturnayova, A., &amp; Breier, A. (2024). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38999943\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38999943\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New insights into aptamers: An alternative to antibodies in the detection of molecular biomarkers.&nbsp;<em>International Journal of Molecular Sciences<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>25<\/em>(13), 6833.<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hardy, M. (n.d.).&nbsp;<em>17.4 Cancer and the Cell Cycle<\/em>. College Biology I.&nbsp;https:\/\/slcc.pressbooks.pub\/collegebiology1\/chapter\/cancer-and-the-cell-cycle\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hum, C., Loiselle, J., Ahmed, N., Shaw, T. A., Toudic, C., &amp; Pezacki, J. P. (2021). MicroRNA mimics or inhibitors as antiviral therapeutic approaches against COVID-19.&nbsp;<em>Drugs<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>81<\/em>(5), 517-531.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mehta, M., Tewari, D., Gupta, G., Awasthi, R., Singh, H., Pandey, P., &#8230; &amp; Satija, S. (2019). Oligonucleotide therapy: An emerging focus area for drug delivery in chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases.&nbsp;<em>Chemico-biological interactions<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>308<\/em>, 206-215.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Moumn\u00e9, L., Marie, A. C., &amp; Crouvezier, N. (2022). Oligonucleotide therapeutics: from discovery and development to patentability.&nbsp;<em>Pharmaceutics<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>14<\/em>(2), 260.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u0103ng sinh kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c di c\u0103n sang c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[228,269,267,465],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai-viet","category-kien-thuc-lam-sang","category-sinh-hoc-phan-tu-bai-viet","category-tong-hop-oligonucleotide"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4.png",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4-300x169.png",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4-768x432.png",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4-1024x576.png",1024,576,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4-1536x864.png",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4.png",1920,1080,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4-18x10.png",18,10,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4-1707x960.png",1707,960,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4.png",1920,1080,false],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Banner-blog-website-4-100x100.png",100,100,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"ABT Team","author_link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh ung th\u01b0 Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m b\u1ec7nh \u00e1c t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u0103ng sinh kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c di c\u0103n sang c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14014"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14014\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14168,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14014\/revisions\/14168"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14064"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}