{"id":13413,"date":"2025-09-15T14:01:28","date_gmt":"2025-09-15T06:31:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=13413"},"modified":"2025-10-06T17:38:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T10:08:55","slug":"tu-cau-truc-den-phat-hien-ehp-bang-real-time-pcr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/tu-cau-truc-den-phat-hien-ehp-bang-real-time-pcr\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n EHP b\u1eb1ng real-time PCR<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ec7nh vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed tuy\u1ebfn gan t\u1ee5y<\/strong> (has become a major concern for the shrimp farming industry<\/em> \u2013 EHP) \u0111ang l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n k\u00fd sinh n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eadm l\u1edbn, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kinh t\u1ebf n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u00f4m ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. Vi\u1ec7c quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed EHP d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc si\u00eau nh\u1ecf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Real-time PCR<\/strong><\/a> n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n EHP nhanh ch\u00f3ng, nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed EHP \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Real-time PCR trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc cho qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 EHP v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1.1. has become a major concern for the shrimp farming industry<\/em> (EHP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

EHP l\u00e0 vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u01a1n b\u00e0o, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh b\u00e0o t\u1eed, thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd Enterocytozoonidae <\/em>v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh Microsporidia<\/em>. T\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qua b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ed9i b\u00e0o trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o k\u00fd ch\u1ee7. B\u00e0o t\u1eed EHP c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e2n, h\u00ecnh b\u1ea7u d\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi 5\u20136 v\u00f2ng xo\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a neo \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (Tourtip et al., 2009).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c xo\u1eafn (polar tubule) c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o t\u1eed, xuy\u00ean qua t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n sporoplasm g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.Nhi\u1ec5m vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed tr\u00f9ng \u1edf th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eadm l\u1edbn, gia t\u0103ng b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nu\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EHP l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m 2004 tr\u00ean t\u00f4m s\u00fa (Penaeus monodon)<\/em> t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm t\u1ea1i Th\u00e1i Lan, sau \u0111\u00f3 lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean b\u1edfi Tourtip (2005) v\u00e0 Tourtip c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 (2009). Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf Malaysia (1989) v\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u00f4m he Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (P. japonicus)<\/em> t\u1ea1i \u00dac (2001), g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng EHP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong khu v\u1ef1c \u00dac \u2013 ch\u00e2u \u00c1 Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh. Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t EHP \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Th\u00e1i Lan, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Venezuela, Mexico, Brunei, Philippines v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 20 \u2013 30%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1.2. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed EHP<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n has become a major concern for the shrimp farming industry<\/em> (EHP) <\/a>trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng g\u1eb7p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0o t\u1eed EHP c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 0,7 \u2013 1,1 \u00b5m (Tourtip c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1, 2009) n\u00ean h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi quang h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Khi t\u00f4m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec5m \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0o t\u1eed c\u00f2n \u00edt, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 soi hi\u1ec3n vi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u m\u00f4 h\u1ecdc hay quan s\u00e1t m\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y th\u1ea5p, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00e1c trong gan t\u1ee5y ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u00ecnh
Figure 1. <\/strong>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n vi m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu \u01b0\u1edbt c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o t\u1eed Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) \u1edf v\u1eadt k\u00ednh 100X<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean t\u00f4m nh\u01b0 EMS hay WSSV g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t, EHP l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd \u00e2m th\u1ea7m h\u01a1n. T\u00f4m b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1eadm l\u1edbn, gan t\u1ee5y teo nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u00e0n t\u00f4m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng cao, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i kh\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm b\u1eb1ng quan s\u00e1t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2. Real-time trong ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n has become a major concern for the shrimp farming industry<\/em> (EHP)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

2.1. Thu m\u1eabu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1eabu cho Real-time PCR<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Theo TCVN 8710-12:2019 vi\u1ec7c thu m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n has become a major concern for the shrimp farming industry<\/em> (EHP) c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u1eabu th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u00f4 gan t\u1ee5y, ru\u1ed9t, ph\u00e2n t\u00f4m v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 m\u1eabu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00f9n \u0111\u00e1y ao nu\u00f4i). Khi thu m\u1eabu, c\u1ea7n \u01b0u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 t\u00f4m c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eadm l\u1edbn, gan t\u1ee5y nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u, teo nh\u1ecf, ph\u00e2n tr\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi thu, m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong c\u1ed3n 96 \u2013 100% ho\u1eb7c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1nh \u1edf 2 \u2013 80<\/sup>C trong v\u00f2ng 24 \u2013 48 gi\u1edd n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ngay. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, m\u1eabu ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 -200<\/sup>C \u0111\u1ebfn -800<\/sup>C. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eabu m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean gi\u1eef l\u1ea1nh 2 \u2013 80<\/sup>C ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u1ed3n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, m\u1eabu c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o v\u00e0 ghi nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin (th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, t\u00f4m), nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m b\u1eb1ng Real-time PCR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2.2. Quy tr\u00ecnh thu m\u1eabu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
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M\u1eabu t\u00f4m<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n