{"id":13253,"date":"2025-08-16T14:15:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-16T06:45:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=13253"},"modified":"2025-08-26T09:21:56","modified_gmt":"2025-08-26T01:51:56","slug":"iu-ml-la-gi-trong-dinh-luong-real-time-pcr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/iu-ml-la-gi-trong-dinh-luong-real-time-pcr\/","title":{"rendered":"1 IU\/mL l\u00e0 g\u00ec trong \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Real-time PCR<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Real-time PCR <\/a><\/strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2m t\u00ednh hay d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng) c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong m\u1eabu theo \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb IU\/ml ho\u1eb7c copies\/ml.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb IU\/mL l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong Real-time PCR \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng <\/a><\/strong>k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb copies\/mL ho\u1eb7c IU\/mL. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan, s\u1ed1 copies\/mL s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n sao DNA tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1ec3 t\u00edch m\u1eabu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u00edt thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 b\u1ea3n sao DNA. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00ean d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. V\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb quy \u01b0\u1edbc chung \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb IU\/mL ra \u0111\u1eddi cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"1<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

IU\/mL l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cInternational Units per milliliter\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00e1c m\u1eabu. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cho b\u1ec7nh d\u00e2n d\u1ef1a nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb IU, c\u00e1c m\u1eabu l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1eabu chu\u1ea9n tham chi\u1ebfu (reference standards) kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 g\u1edfi cho c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i EQA (external quality assessment). C\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tham gia s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh pha lo\u00e3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc pha lo\u00e3ng th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u1edf b\u1eadc pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 1 IU. V\u00e0 theo h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 pha lo\u00e3ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ebd t\u00ednh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu g\u1ed1c. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i trung t\u00e2m ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u1ecdn ra gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb quy \u01b0\u1edbc chung v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb IU v\u00e0 copy s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed1t th\u00ec h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 quy \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa IU v\u00e0 copy s\u1ebd nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i copies\/mL sang \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb IU\/mL?<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb copies\/mL sang IU\/mL c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau mong mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay,  t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 quy \u0111\u1ed5i chung gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb IU\/mL v\u00e0 copies\/ml \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi virus g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh Vi\u00eam Gan B (HBV) s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 1 IU\/mL = 5.3 copies\/ml. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng copies\/mL c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh IU\/mL b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chia cho h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 5. \u200b\u200b Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HBV, 10.000 b\u1ea3n sao\/mL = 2.000 IU\/mL; 100.000 b\u1ea3n sao\/mL = 20.000 IU\/mL; 1 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n sao\/mL = 200.000 IU\/mL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n