{"id":13241,"date":"2025-08-04T10:43:00","date_gmt":"2025-08-04T03:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=13241"},"modified":"2025-08-25T08:54:58","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T01:24:58","slug":"cach-xet-nghiem-tom-benh-bang-real-time-pcr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/cach-xet-nghiem-tom-benh-bang-real-time-pcr\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u00f4m b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng Real-time PCR nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u00f4m t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch nguy hi\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/a> nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng (WSSV), Ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed Gan t\u1ee5y C\u1ea5p t\u00ednh (AHPND\/EMS), Vi b\u00e0o t\u1eed Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Taura (TS)\u2026. <\/sup>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn do t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong cao v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quan s\u00e1t l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, soi t\u01b0\u01a1i, nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n l\u1eadp vi khu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Quan s\u00e1t l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn do tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng; trong khi soi t\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao; nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y vi khu\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, Real-time PCR (qPCR)<\/a><\/strong> n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00f4m b\u1ec7nh. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea7m b\u1ec7nh \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c th\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng; \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u cao khi ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n DNA\/RNA c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng hay h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ea3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng (kho\u1ea3ng 1-2 gi\u1edd) l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t gi\u00fap \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch ly t\u00f4m b\u1ec7nh, x\u1eed l\u00fd ao nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, qPCR kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, gi\u00fap ng\u00e0nh t\u00f4m chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb t\u01b0 duy ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng sang ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e1ch thu v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1eabu cho Real-time PCR<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Thu th\u1eadp, x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1eabu \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a DNA\/RNA v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc chung khi thu m\u1eabu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n