{"id":12632,"date":"2025-06-25T15:05:30","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T07:35:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=12632"},"modified":"2025-08-06T11:03:00","modified_gmt":"2025-08-06T03:33:00","slug":"cfdna-cell-free-dna-trong-chan-doan-ung-thu-va-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/cfdna-cell-free-dna-trong-chan-doan-ung-thu-va-ung-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>cfDNA (Cell-Free DNA) trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm Ung th\u01b0: Ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong \u0111\u00f3, <strong>ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm<\/strong> c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c <strong>n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 <strong>cell-free DNA (cfDNA)<\/strong> \u2013 DNA t\u1ef1 do l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 <strong>circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)<\/strong> \u2013 DNA t\u1eeb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 <strong>gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi (NGS)<\/strong> and <strong>ph\u00e2n t\u00edch sinh h\u1ecdc n\u00e2ng cao<\/strong>, <strong>cfDNA \u0111ang m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi trong x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m sinh thi\u1ebft l\u1ecfng (liquid biopsy)<\/strong>, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ung th\u01b0 t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"850\" height=\"397\" src=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12633\" style=\"width:910px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-3.png 850w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-3-300x140.png 300w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-3-768x359.png 768w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/image-3-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>H\u00ecnh.<\/strong> M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh (\u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i) c\u1ee7a DNA kh\u1ed1i u l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh (ctDNA) so v\u1edbi DNA t\u1ef1 do trong huy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng (cfDNA).<\/em> <em>(Ngu\u1ed3n tham kh\u1ea3o: \u201cClinical correlates of circulating cell\u2011free DNA tumor fraction (Joerg Bredno et al.)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>1. C\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a cfDNA trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ung th\u01b0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cfDNA l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n DNA ng\u1eafn (~150\u2013200 bp), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o m\u00e1u khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ebft theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed. \u1ede b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ung th\u01b0, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cfDNA l\u00e0 <strong>ctDNA<\/strong>, mang \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng nh\u01b0:<br>&#8211; \u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m<br>&#8211; Ki\u1ec3u methyl h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng<br>&#8211; Thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n sao ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do ctDNA th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm &lt;1% t\u1ed5ng cfDNA trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n <strong>\u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t cao<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u1eabn trong nhi\u1ec5u n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>2. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cfDNA<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.1. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)<\/strong> and <strong>PCR k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 (dPCR)<\/strong>: Gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p (0.01%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt: <strong>Tagged-Amplicon Sequencing (TAm-Seq)<\/strong>, <strong>CAPP-Seq<\/strong>, <strong>BEAMing<\/strong>, n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ctDNA t\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.2. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch methyl h\u00f3a DNA<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ki\u1ec3u methyl h\u00f3a tr\u00ean ctDNA b\u1eb1ng NGS \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n sinh h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 GRAIL (v\u1edbi x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Galleri) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n methyl h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n 50 lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa DNA ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 DNA b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.3. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o (AI)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AI v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1eeb NGS, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ctDNA t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec5u n\u1ec1n (background noise) c\u1ee7a cfDNA b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.4. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n sinh h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn gen, c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ctDNA nh\u01b0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh (fragmentomics), v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n (tissue-of-origin mapping), v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 (aneuploidy). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m DELFI (DNA Evaluation of Fragments for Early Interception) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a ctDNA \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ung th\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2.5. T\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 Illumina, Thermo Fisher, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cfDNA \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng quy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>3. \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng Trong L\u00e2m S\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.1. T\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111a ung th\u01b0 (Multi-Cancer Early Detection &#8211; MCED): C\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 Galleri (GRAIL) hay CancerSEEK s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cfDNA \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 (ph\u1ed5i, gan, \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng, v\u00fa, v.v.) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u PATHFINDER (2022) cho th\u1ea5y Galleri c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n 71% ung th\u01b0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n I-III v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u 98%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam: C\u00f4ng ty Gene Solutions \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n SPOT-MAS, m\u1ed9t x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean cfDNA \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t 5 lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn (gan, ph\u1ed5i, v\u00fa, \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng, d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y), \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y 82% v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u 92% trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ung th\u01b0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ctDNA kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ung th\u01b0 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u1ed1i u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ec3u methyl h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c nguy\u00ean ph\u00e1t (CUP &#8211; Cancer of Unknown Primary).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.3. Theo d\u00f5i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t s\u1edbm<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cfDNA cho ph\u00e9p theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ctDNA sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb (minimal residual disease &#8211; MRD) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t s\u1edbm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u1ecdc. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng, ctDNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ee5p CT ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng (trung b\u00ecnh s\u1edbm 8-10 th\u00e1ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.4. H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ctDNA gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ng thu\u1ed1c (nh\u01b0 KRAS trong ung th\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c EGFR T790M trong ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i), t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>4. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cfDNA<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Highlights<\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n: Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1eabu m\u00e1u, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro so v\u1edbi sinh thi\u1ebft m\u00f4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm: Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ung th\u01b0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n I-II, khi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1eefa kh\u1ecfi cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t: \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n b\u1ec7nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong> (&lt;1% ctDNA \u2192 nguy c\u01a1 \u00e2m t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3<\/strong>: C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n DNA t\u1eeb t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, g\u00e2y lo l\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/strong>: D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn cao v\u00e0 <strong>ch\u01b0a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>5. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cfDNA t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c hi\u1ec7u: C\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ctDNA t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec5u n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng: T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cfDNA cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a: Thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cfDNA trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>T\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111a omics: K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cfDNA v\u1edbi protein ung th\u01b0 (nh\u01b0 CA-125, CEA) ho\u1eb7c RNA t\u1ef1 do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/tong-quan-ve-ky-thuat-pcr-ky-thuat-so-dpcr-va-pcr-nho-giot-ddpcr\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/tong-quan-ve-ky-thuat-pcr-ky-thuat-so-dpcr-va-pcr-nho-giot-ddpcr\/\">cfDNA<\/a> <\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm ung th\u01b0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 NGS, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch methyl h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 AI. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edf ra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ung th\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Trong l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 Galleri, CancerSEEK, hay SPOT-MAS \u0111ang d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 cfDNA th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u1ea7n v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y, chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. V\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n nay, cfDNA h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng ung th\u01b0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Siravegna, G., Marsoni, S., Siena, S., &amp; Bardelli, A. (2017). <em>&#8220;Integrating liquid biopsies into the management of cancer.&#8221;<\/em> Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 14(9), 531\u2013548.<br><a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrc.2016.92\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nrc.2016.92<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Liu, M. C. et al. (2020). <em>&#8220;Sensitive and specific multi-cancer detection and localization using methylation signatures in cell-free DNA.&#8221;<\/em> Annals of Oncology, 31(6), 745\u2013759. <a>https:\/\/www.annalsofoncology.org\/article\/S0923-7534(21)02073-X\/fulltext<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Levine, J. H. et al. (2021). <em>&#8220;A blood-based multi-cancer detection test using machine learning and cfDNA fragmentomics.&#8221;<\/em> Nature Biotechnology. <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41587-020-0650-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41587-020-0650-0<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tie, J. et al. (2022). <em>&#8220;Circulating Tumor DNA\u2013Guided Adjuvant Therapy for Stage II Colon Cancer.&#8221;<\/em> The New England Journal of Medicine, 386, 2261\u20132272. <a>https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2211575<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 cell-free DNA (cfDNA) \u2013 DNA t\u1ef1 do l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eb7c [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12635,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[228,270,267],"tags":[554,448,555],"class_list":["post-12632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bai-viet","category-kien-thuc","category-sinh-hoc-phan-tu-bai-viet","tag-cfdna","tag-sinh-hoc-phan-tu","tag-ung-thu-hoc"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1.png",1920,1080,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1-300x169.png",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1-768x432.png",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1-1024x576.png",1024,576,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1-1536x864.png",1536,864,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1.png",1920,1080,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1-18x10.png",18,10,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1-1707x960.png",1707,960,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1.png",1920,1080,false],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Banner-blog-cfDNA-1-100x100.png",100,100,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"ABT Team","author_link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Ung th\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y t\u1eed vong to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 cell-free DNA (cfDNA) \u2013 DNA t\u1ef1 do l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh trong m\u00e1u, \u0111\u1eb7c&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12632"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13044,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12632\/revisions\/13044"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}