{"id":12376,"date":"2025-04-20T13:58:36","date_gmt":"2025-04-20T06:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=12376"},"modified":"2026-02-06T17:33:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-06T10:03:12","slug":"co-testing-xu-huong-sang-loc-ung-thu-co-tu-cung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/co-testing-xu-huong-sang-loc-ung-thu-co-tu-cung\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>Co-testing: Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA \u2013 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c virus HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao \u2013 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c <strong>Co-testing<\/strong> (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p) \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi. Co-testing kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, m\u1edf ra h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>1. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (Pap smear)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong>1.1. Pap test l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Pap<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">George N. Papanicolaou, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ccha \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc\u201d, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean y khoa kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111am m\u00ea. Khi \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu\u1ed9t lang, \u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian r\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t m\u1eabu t\u1eeb k\u00eanh \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a chu\u1ed9t lang v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00ednh khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n xem c\u00e1c t\u0103m b\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec3n vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m Papanicolaou, Pap smear, ph\u1ebft PAP, ph\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung). K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung ph\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean lam k\u00ednh, gi\u00fap t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong>1.2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Pap smear trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng que b\u1eb9t Ayre c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp m\u1eabu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean lam k\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:20px\"><strong>Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t m\u1ecf v\u1ecbt v\u00e0o \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf dung d\u1ecbch b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecf v\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00e3n kinh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ecf v\u1ecbt v\u00e0o c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u1ebfu v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung (Squamocolumnar Junction) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Xoay que g\u1ed7 thu m\u1eabu (spatula) 360\u00b0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ph\u1ebft m\u1eabu l\u00ean lam k\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn nh\u00e3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eabu ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1eabu kh\u00f4) b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (cytology spray fixative).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef b\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch lam k\u00ednh t\u1eeb 15-20 cm (6-8 inch) v\u00e0 phun \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00ean lam k\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u1ea5n plunger t\u1eeb 2-3 l\u1ea7n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>N\u1ebfu v\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong \u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung):<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u00f9ng que thu m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed5i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc (cytobrush) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a que thu m\u1eabu g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. Xoay ch\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c que thu m\u1eabu 180\u00b0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eabu:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0110\u1eb7t m\u1eabu l\u00ean lam k\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eabu ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng dung d\u1ecbch c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea1nh nhau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lam k\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1ea5y m\u1eabu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nhu\u1ed9m m\u1eabu:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: C\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1eabu b\u1eb1ng Ethanol 96 \u1edf h\u1ed9p 1 trong v\u00f2ng 15 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Nh\u00fang 5 l\u1ea7n lam k\u00ednh sau c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda \u1edf h\u1ed9p 2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: Nhu\u1ed9m nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ABT \u00ae Nuclear Stain Solution \u1edf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 3 trong v\u00f2ng 1 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Nh\u00fang 5 l\u1ea7n lam k\u00ednh sau nhu\u1ed9m nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y \u1edf h\u1ed9p 2.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Nh\u00fang lam k\u00ednh l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o Ethanol 96 \u1edf h\u1ed9p 4, 5. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p nh\u00fang 5 l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: Nhu\u1ed9m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ABT\u00ae OG Stain Solution \u1edf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 6 trong v\u00f2ng 1 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 7: Nh\u00fang lam k\u00ednh l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o Ethanol 96 \u1edf h\u1ed9p 7, 8. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p nh\u00fang 5 l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 8: Nhu\u1ed9m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ABT\u00ae EA Stain Solution \u1edf h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 9 trong v\u00f2ng 2 ph\u00fat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 9: Nh\u00fang lam k\u00ednh l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u00e0o Ethanol 96 \u1edf h\u1ed9p 10, 11 v\u00e0 12. M\u1ed7i h\u1ed9p nh\u00fang 5 l\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u01b0\u1edbc 10: \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u00f4, b\u00f4i d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized is-style-default\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"975\" height=\"547\" src=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image.png\" alt=\"Co-testing: Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi trong s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n\" class=\"wp-image-11565\" style=\"width:670px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image.png 975w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-300x168.png 300w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-768x431.png 768w, https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/image-18x10.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/product\/papanicolaou-staining-kit\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/san-pham\/papanicolaou-staining-kit\/\">ABT \u00ae Papanicolaou Staining Kit<\/a> (Code: DD-083)<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho vi\u1ec7c nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 khoa trong c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ebft lam c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung&nbsp;<\/em>in<em> x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong>1.3. \u01afu &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Pap smear truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pap smear<\/strong> l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. Tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng Pap smear v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e2u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>1.3.1. V\u00ec sao ch\u1ecdn x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung (Pap test)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i m\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i m\u00f4 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong khi theo d\u00f5i b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c sau \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Thu nh\u1eadn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadn t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi sinh thi\u1ebft gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t trong sinh thi\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn c\u1ed5 cung, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c n\u1ed9i t\u1eed cung ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c n\u1ea5m, k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n trong Pap smear so v\u1edbi sinh thi\u1ebft m\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pap smear l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 <strong>chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd<\/strong>, d\u1ec5 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf y t\u1ebf. Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong>1.3.2. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Pap test (x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2m s\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pap smear kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng thu nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u00f3 trong t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ung th\u01b0. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 <strong>\u00e2m t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3<\/strong>, g\u00e2y ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pap test kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea1o \u2013 nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1eabu Pap smear kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u1eabu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Nguy c\u01a1 sai s\u00f3t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eabu Pap test c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i sai s\u00f3t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0: l\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>2. HPV DNA Testing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong>2.1. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 HPV v\u00e0 Ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HPV l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung \u1edf ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef. Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m HPV l\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. HPV l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m virus l\u1edbn v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 100 tu\u00fdp. HPV ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e2y truy\u1ec1n qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khu tr\u00fa v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sinh d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c tr\u00e0ng, h\u1eadu m\u00f4n, d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt, b\u00ecu, \u00e2m h\u1ed9, \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. \u1ede c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c tu\u00fdp HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 tu\u00fdp 16 v\u00e0 18, virus c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i dai d\u1eb3ng \u1edf c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. Theo th\u1eddi gian (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 10-15 n\u0103m), s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0, c\u00e1c tu\u00fdp HPV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai nh\u00f3m ch\u00ednh:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u00f3m HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao (high risk): <\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 14 tu\u00fdp HPV \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, \u00e2m h\u1ed9, h\u1eadu m\u00f4n, d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u00f2m h\u1ecdng. Hai tu\u00fdp HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao HPV 16 v\u00e0 HPV 18 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng 70% c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c tu\u00fdp nguy c\u01a1 cao kh\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m HPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 v\u00e0 68.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nh\u00f3m HPV nguy c\u01a1 th\u1ea5p (low risk):<\/strong> Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng HPV \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0nh t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5n c\u00f3c sinh d\u1ee5c (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do HPV 6 v\u00e0 HPV 11) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o nh\u1eb9 \u1edf c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong>2.2. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u00fdp HPV DNA<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi hai h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh<\/strong> and <strong>\u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u00fdp<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh gi\u00fap&nbsp;ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n DNA c\u1ee7a virus HPV v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u00fdp gi\u00fap x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7ng HPV x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng HPV \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 nh\u01b0 nhau. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 HPV 16 v\u00e0 18) gi\u00fap \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nguy c\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong>2.3. Quy tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n HPV DNA b\u1eb1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Real-time PCR<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0 l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o &#8211; c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung b\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, que b\u1eb9t, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 kit t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu. Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00f2ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m trung t\u00e2m,\u00a0 m\u1eabu t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft DNA. Ti\u1ebfp theo, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng PCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00f9ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tu\u00fdp HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u real-time PCR \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u00fdp HPV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong>2.4. \u01afu &#8211; Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>\u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y cao<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a virus, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y gi\u00fap nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ung th\u01b0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 can thi\u1ec7p k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em><strong>Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do quy tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao, HPV DNA test d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed cao h\u01a1n ph\u1ebft t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. X\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f4 hay li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0\/ung th\u01b0 hay ch\u01b0a. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 kh\u1ecfi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 ung th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y lo l\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn HPV g\u00e2y ra &#8211; d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c bao ph\u1ee7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>3. V\u00ec sao n\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Pap smear v\u00e0 HPV DNA<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em><strong>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pap smear ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u s\u1edbm c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi HPV DNA testing, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt t\u1eadp trung ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t type 16 v\u00e0 18), nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy c\u01a1 ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u01b0a thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 Pap smear v\u00e0 HPV DNA testing, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. Pap smear gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, trong khi HPV DNA testing gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ngay c\u1ea3 khi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y: <\/strong>T\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e2m t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m kia d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ednh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u00e2m t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3: <\/strong>Pap smear \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1edbm. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung HPV DNA testing gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5m HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh ung th\u01b0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p Pap smear v\u00e0 x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA trong s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c y t\u1ebf uy t\u00edn nh\u01b0 WHO, ASCCP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5 khoa qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, co-testing d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc \u2013 t\u1eed vong do ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\"><strong><em>L\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf &#8211; y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed3ng x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00fap ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec1n ung th\u01b0, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb ung th\u01b0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n mu\u1ed9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, co-testing c\u00f2n t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u1eed vong, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\"><strong>4. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.Vilos, G. A. (1998). The history of the Papanicolaou smear and the odyssey of George and Andromache Papanicolaou. <em>Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology<\/em>, <em>91<\/em>(3), 479-483.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bccancer.bc.ca\/screening\/Documents\/CCSP_GuidelinesManual_PapSamplingTechnique.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.bccancer.bc.ca\/screening\/Documents\/CCSP_GuidelinesManual_PapSamplingTechnique.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. Pangarkar, M. A. (2022). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35673697\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35673697\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Bethesda System for reporting cervical cytology.<\/a> Cytojournal, 19, 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. Tripathi, A., &amp; Sahu, U. (2022). An overview of HPV: Causes, symptoms, and clinical manifestations.&nbsp;<em>Immunopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of HPV Induced Malignancies<\/em>, 1-19.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. World Health Organization. (2023).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/06-07-2021-new-recommendations-for-screening-and-treatment-to-prevent-cervical-cancer\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/06-07-2021-new-recommendations-for-screening-and-treatment-to-prevent-cervical-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>New recommendations for screening and treatment to prevent cervical cancer.(2021)<\/em>.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. World Health Organization. (2021).&nbsp;<em>WHO guideline for screening and treatment of cervical pre-cancer lesions for cervical cancer prevention: use of mRNA tests for human papillomavirus (HPV)<\/em>. World Health Organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. Espinosa, K. (2024). ASCCP management guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening.&nbsp;<em>American Family Physician<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>109<\/em>(3), 275-276.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA \u2013 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c virus HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao \u2013 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Co-testing (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[267,228,270,269,576,575],"tags":[476,448,536],"class_list":["post-12376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sinh-hoc-phan-tu-bai-viet","category-bai-viet","category-kien-thuc","category-kien-thuc-lam-sang","category-te-bao-hoc-bai-viet","category-te-bao-hoc","tag-real-time-pcr","tag-sinh-hoc-phan-tu","tag-te-bao-hoc"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-scaled.png",2560,1339,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-300x157.png",300,157,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-768x402.png",768,402,true],"large":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-1024x536.png",1024,536,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-1536x804.png",1536,804,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-2048x1072.png",2048,1072,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-18x9.png",18,9,true],"woocommerce_thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-1707x893.png",1707,893,true],"woocommerce_single":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-2560x1339.png",2560,1339,true],"woocommerce_gallery_thumbnail":["https:\/\/abtvn.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Anh-bia-Co-testing-100x100.png",100,100,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"ABT Team","author_link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh trong t\u1ea7m so\u00e1t ung th\u01b0 c\u1ed5 t\u1eed cung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m HPV DNA \u2013 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c virus HPV nguy c\u01a1 cao \u2013 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c Co-testing (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12376"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13052,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12376\/revisions\/13052"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}