{"id":10046,"date":"2024-03-27T17:16:30","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T09:46:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/?p=10046"},"modified":"2025-10-22T15:37:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T08:07:55","slug":"benh-dom-trang-wssv-co-che-nhiem-va-phong-chong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abtvn.com\/en\/benh-dom-trang-wssv-co-che-nhiem-va-phong-chong\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng WSSV: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean t\u00f4m<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3 trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, mang l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n thu ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cao, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean t\u00f4m lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb kh\u00e2u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u00f4m gi\u1ed1ng postlarvae cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nu\u00f4i th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Bonami (2008) c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 20 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh do virus g\u00e2y ra tr\u00ean t\u00f4m, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng (WSSV)<\/strong>, h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng Taura (TSV)<\/strong> and b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng (YHV)<\/strong>, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1i t\u1eed c\u01a1 quan t\u1ea1o m\u00e1u v\u00e0 l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 (IHHNV<\/a><\/strong>) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh do virus b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed gi\u1eefa T\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u00f4m s\u1ed1ng (ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ng\u00e0nh nu\u00f4i t\u00f4m) v\u00e0 t\u00f4m ch\u1ebft (nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 lan truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb T\u00e2y b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u00f4m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng lan truy\u1ec1n WSSV t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c1 sang Trung M\u1ef9, trong khi TSV l\u00e2y lan theo h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i (th\u00f4ng qua t\u00f4m gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung M\u1ef9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng n\u0103m do d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh do virus) l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng t\u1ec9 USD m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p cho \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean t\u00f4m, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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1. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean t\u00f4m (WSSV)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng do virus White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV)<\/a><\/strong> thu\u1ed9c chi Whispovirus<\/em>, h\u1ecd Nimaviridae<\/em> g\u00e2y ra. Virus g\u00e2y h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng (WSSV) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1992 t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y lan sang Malaysia, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1994, v\u00e0 g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 n\u0103m 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u00ecnh
Figure 1. <\/strong>B\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng tr\u00ean t\u00f4m<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Virus g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng h\u00ecnh que, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecf d\u00e0i 240 \u2013 380 nm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 70 – 159 nm, ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i nucleocapsid d\u00e0i 120 \u2013 205 nm v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 95 \u2013 165 nm. Virus n\u00e0y c\u00f3 DNA s\u1ee3i k\u00e9p, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i DNA g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng 290 kb. K\u00edch c\u1ee1 b\u1ed9 gene thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed nh\u01b0 d\u1ea1ng WSSV \u1edf Th\u00e1i Lan l\u00e0 293 kb, Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 305 kb v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng WSSV \u1edf \u0110\u00e0i Loan l\u00e0 307 kb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a WSSV ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u00e0i c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng virus. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4m th\u1ebb ch\u00e2n tr\u1eafng, d\u00f2ng virus Texas c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c cao nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng kh\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 t\u00f4m ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn 100% khi nhi\u1ec5m virus. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a virus c\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 gene. D\u00f2ng virus WSSV (WSSV-TH-96-II, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 gene 312 kb) c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft tr\u00ean t\u00f4m (LT50) l\u00e0 14 ng\u00e0y, ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng virus WSSV-TH (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 gene l\u00e0 292 kb) c\u00f3 LT50 l\u00e0 3,5 ng\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 sao ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a virus trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 sau khi b\u1ecb x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u00ecnh
Figure 2.<\/strong> H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i virus \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u1eafng (WSSV)<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c protein c\u1ee7a WSSV r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. H\u1ea1t virion c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 45 lo\u1ea1i protein c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Nucleocapsid c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1ea1ng que, xo\u1eafn (70 \u00d7 300 nm) ch\u1ee9a DNA m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f4i d\u1ea1ng v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 9 lo\u1ea1i protein b\u00ean trong l\u00f5i. Nucleocapsid g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t protein VP15 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t protein l\u1edbn VP664, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng v\u00f2ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau. L\u1edbp v\u1ecf (tegument) li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nucleocapsid v\u00e0 m\u00e0ng bao. L\u1edbp v\u1ecf ch\u1ee9a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 4 protein c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac (VP26, VP36A, VP39A, VP95). M\u00e0ng bao ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng d\u00e0y 6 \u2013 7 nm bao g\u1ed3m 3 l\u1edbp lipid v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 28 lo\u1ea1i protein, nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i protein c\u00f3 c\u00e1c domain xuy\u00ean m\u00e0ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, protein VP28 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2m nhi\u1ec5m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (systemic infection) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh g\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u00ean t\u00f4m b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, WSSV b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n